Apparatus for weaving in natural colors without pattern-cards.



No. 878,683- PATENTED DEG..10, 1907..-

A. REGAL.

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL'COLORS WITHOUT PATTERN CARDS;

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No. 873,683- PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907; A A. REGAL. APPARATUS FOR WBAVINGIN N OUT PATTERN CARDS.

ATURAL COLORS WITH 16 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1906.

A L l rni: non RS co., wasnmarcminxA No. 873,688. PATENTED DEG. 10,1907. A. REGAL.

APPARATUS R WEAVING IN NATURAL COLORS WITHOUT PATTERN CARDS.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 11, 1906.

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No. 873,683. PATENTED DEC}. 10, 1907.

A. REGAL. APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL COLORS WITHOUT PATTERN CARDS.

16 SHEETS-SHEET 4- APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 11, 1906.

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- PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

A. REGAL.

1 PATTERN CARDS.

APPARATUS FDR WEAVING IN NATURAL COLORS" WITHOU PILIOATION FILED mm:11.190 A 6 1e sums-slum 5.

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PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907'. A.REGAL.

APPARATUS FOR WEAVI NG IN NATURAL COLORS THOUT PATTERN CARDS.APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11. 1906.

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PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907. A.REGAL.

ATURAL COLORS WITHOUT PATTERN GARDS. APPLICATION. 1-11.31) JUNE 11.1906.

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN N 16 SHEETS-SHEET 7- sh'mmord. D. c.

PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907. A. REGAL.

ATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL GOLORS WITHOUT PATTERN CARDS.-

' APPLICATION 11.31) JUNE 11, 1900.

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PATENTED DEC; 10, 1907. A. REGAL.

ATURAL COLORS WITHOUT PATTERN. CARDS.

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PATENTED DEC 10, 1907.

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APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL COLORS WITHO APPLICATION PILBD UNE 11.1906.

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ATURAL corms WITHOUT PATTERN CARDS 1B SHEETS-SHEET 1Z- APPARATUS FORWBAVING IN N APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1906.

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APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL COLORS WITHOUT'PATTERN CARDSAPPLICATION FILED JUNE 11. 1906.

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No. 873,683 PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

A. REGAL.

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL GOLORS WITHOUT PATTERN CARDS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1906.

16 SHBET8-$HEET 14.

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No. 873,683- PATENT'ED DEC. 10, 1907.

.A. REGAL.

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL GOLORS'WITHOUT PATTERN CARDS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11. 1906.

16 SHEETS-SHEET 15.

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No. 873,683- PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

A. REGAL. ATURAL COLORS WITHOUT PAT TERN CARDS.

1e SHEETS-SHEET mv APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN N APPLICATION FILED JFNE 11,1906.

n1: NORRIS PETERS 50- xusumsra/v, v. c

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUST REGAL, OF BANJALUKA, AUSTRIA I'IUNGARY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TOFRANJO HARAZIM AND ONE-THIRD TO EUGEN KARAZEJ, OF BANJALUKA,AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING IN NATURAL COLORS WITHOUT PATTERN-CARDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

Application filed June 11- 1906. Serial I Io. 321.248.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that AUGUST REGAL, professor, a subject of the Emperor ofAustria- Hungary, residing at Banjaluka, Bosnia, Austria-Hungary, hasinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for WVeavingin Natural Colors Without Pattern-Cards; and he does hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates to an application to the art of weaving of theprocess used in three color printing, for the purpose of obtainingcorrect woven reproductions of natural objects or pictures. For thispurpose first, negatives of the three single color partial pictures areprepared as in the three color printing process by photographing thearticle to be reproduced, the said negatives being made in red, (purplered) yellow and blue (green blue) by the use of light filters and fromthese negatives single color partial positives are printed, by means ofthe well known chromate process, on -three plates made of insulatingmaterial (glass, porcelain, vulcanized rubber) and galvanically coatedwith metal. The portions of the partial pictures which have not beenexposed to light, are electrically conducting after the plates have beenwashed and slightly etched, the portions exposed to light remainingcovered with chromium oxid gelatin, that is to say non-conducting.

In the three-color printing process, the printing plates or blocks arecovered by means of rollers, with printing inks of the three fundamentalcolors, and the partial pictures printed on the top of each other,whereby a combined picture in natural colors is obtained, as the threefundamental colors, as is well known, are suflicient for reproducing anyshades and gradations of color to be "found in pictures or in nature. Apicture produced by the three-color printing is constituted throughoutby points, ,most of which show combined colors. They are those points inwhich the paints of two or three fundamental colors coincide, which isgenerally caller color subtraction. the naked eye, the multitude ofcolored points forms one harmonious whole, and by color additionproduces the natural impression of the original from which the partialphotographs were taken.

In the present invention according to which a picture is to be wovenfrom threads the combination colors cannot be produced by color coveringor subtraction as the threads are not transparent. But it is possible toarrange in the warp threads of com bined colors, to employ these as wellas threads of the fundamental colors and to allow them to act on thespectator by color addition alone, as in a printed three-color picture.The points of the pictures produced by the three color printing processare replaced in the woven fabric by corresponding points of intersectionand thereforethe apparatus according to this invention is applied to awire loom of well known construction.

In addition to the warp threads of the three fundamental colors, red,yellow, and blue, there are also provided threads of orange, violet,green (combinations of two colors), black and white (combinations ofthree colors) and a pile warp is used for each color so that altogether,in addition to the ground warp, there are eight pile warps. Inaccordance with the pile warps the hooks used in the loom are arrangedin eight series, each of which contains as many hooks as there are pilewarp threads to be woven into the fabric in the direction of its width,as each of such pile warp threads is connected to one hook. From thisseries of threads, the proper pile warp thread is raised at givenmoments for forming the upper shed. The hooks are raised by means ofnarrow lifting blades arranged on bars which are moved by a driving armby means of a receiver or device operated by an' electromagnet, the saidbars remaining in the position corresponding to the extent of movementof the driving arm, the extent of such movement being capable of beingregulated by the receiver. In order to enable all the bars With theirblades to be moved, the receiver with the driving arm is movedlongitudinally in front of the columns of hooks the driving armreturning again to its original position after every operation, beforeit acts on the next bars.

The action of the receiver is determined by the transmitter of thedevice, which consists'of the three already described plates arrangedside by side in one frame, but electrically insulated from each other.On

the first plate all those points act as conduc-' tors which reproducethe portions of the total picture, which have been photo pole of asource of current, the second pole of which is connected to the plateabove which the receiver slides. The plate is made of insulatingmaterial and contains series of contacts which are arranged in such amanner that the columns of contacts lie in the plane of the columns ofhooks. The source of current is connected to the second, fourth, sixthseries of contacts, and the contact pins of the transmitter plates tothe third, fifth and seventh series of contacts. When a contact of thethird series of contacts is connected by a bridge to an opposite contactof the fourth series, the source of current, in the event of the contactpin switched into the circuit touching a conducting point of thecorresponding transmitterplate, sends a current through the bridge. Thesame thing happens when the fourth and the fifth series of contacts, andthe sixth and. seventh series of contacts, are connectedtogether by abridge and the corresponding contact pins touch the conducting points ofthe corresponding transmitter plates. The bridges are constituted by theelectromagnets of 'the receiver, which operate the latter with thedriving arm, so that the blades should come under the correspondinghooks and raise them. If, for instance, the contact pin of the plate forthe red partial picture, touches a conducting point of the same, whilethe two other contact pins are on non-conducting points of thecorresponding plates which means that the corresponding point of theoriginal emits only red rays, then a binding of a red thread.

point must be formed in the fabric by means The current emitted by thesource of current flows through the first transmitter plate, passes intothe first contact pin, flows through the windings of the electromagnetconstituting'the bridge of the corresponding series of contacts of thereceiver plate, and returns to the source of current. tromagnet, themechanism directly operating the driving arm, becomes operative andadvances the bar carrying the blade to such Owing to the action of theeleca wire loom of known construction.

Figure '1 is a side elevation, Figs. 2 and 3 a front elevation, and Fig.4 is a plan of the apparatus applied to a weaving loom, Fig. 5 is afront elevation and Fig. 6 a side elevation of the receiver, while Fig.7 is a detail of the same. Figs. 8 and 9 show the frame for thetransmitter plates in plan and in side elevation, and Figs. 10 to 12show a portion of the frame with the transmitter plates and contact pinsin plan, front elevation and. side elevation. Fig. 13 is a plan, andFig. 14 a front elevation of the transmitter, and Figs. 15 to 17 showdetails of the same on a larger scale. Fig. 18 shows the contact plateof the receiver and Fig. 19 a contact bar and its position relatively tothe bars carrying the blades. Figs. 20, 21 and 22 are respectively aplan, a frontand side-elevation of the loom driving gear, from which theapparatus in question is driven. hook lifting device in front elevation,Fig. 24 is a section on the line MN of Fig. 23. Fig. 25 is a hook orhooked wires in front and side elevation. Fig. 26 is a grating forguiding the hooks, in perspective view and Fig. 27 is a diagrammaticview of the electric connections. Figs. '28 and 29 are semidiagrammaticviews respectively showing the circuit conditions and the relativepositions of the essential parts when a red warp thread is called andwhen a green warp thread is called.

On a counter-shaft 1 of the weaving loom, which is driven by means of asuitable transmission from a source of power, is mounted a pulley gearconsisting of a fast pulley 2 and loose pulley 8, and two spur wheels 4and 5 (Figs. 20, 21 and 22). The toothed wheel 4 Fig. 23 shows the isprovided with teeth only on four-fifths of its circumference and thewheel 5 only on one-fifth of its circumference, the teeth being arrangedin such manner that they are opposite the smooth portion of thecircumference of the toothed wheel 4, that is to say, the teeth of thewheel 5 form the missing fifth of the teeth of the wheel 4. The wheel 4engages with a toothed wheel 6 mounted on. a spindle 6 and the wheel 5with a wheel 7 mounted on the main shaft 11 of the weaving loom. Thetoothed wheel 6 is secured to a bevel wheel 8 driving a bevel wheel 9mounted on a spindle 9. The ratio between the wheels 4 and 6 is such,that the wheel .6

makes half a revolution while the wheel 4 makes four-fifths of arevolution. As the bevel wheels 8 and 9 are equal, thebevel wheel 9 alsomakes half a revolution in the the same time. On the wheel 9 is mounteda pin 10 on which is pivoted a rod 10. The ratio of the wheels 5 and 7is such that the wheel 7 makes a whole revolution when the wheel 5 makesone-fifth of a revolution. While the counter-shaft 1 makes four-fifthsof its revolution, the bevel wheel 9, owing to the engagement of theWheels 4 and 6, makes half a revolution. The main shaft 11 of theweaving loom remains, however, standing still as the wheels 5 and 7 donot engage with each other. llVhen the counter shaft 1 makes the lastfifth of its revolution, the wheels 5 and 7 come into engagement witheach other, the wheels 4 and 6 become disengaged, so that the bevelwheel 9, and the parts of the loom operated by it, remain standingstill, while the loom shaft 11 makes a complete revolution.

The formation of the shed takes place in the well known manner from theloom. The rod 12 operated by a treadle is connected at its upper end toa double-armed lever 13, (Fig. 1), to the other end of which lever ispivoted a link 14 engaging with a spindle 15, by raising which the uppershed is formed. A second link 16 connected to the lever 13 is pivoted toone end of a two-armed lever 17 of which the other end is connected to alink 18 to the carrier of the bottom board 20 of the hooks. The carriersof the bottom board of the hooks are guided by means of guide plates 20on guide ways of brackets 19 during the raising of the bottom board 20of the hooks, which takes place at each operation of the lever 13, sothat a double shed. is then always formed. The hooks raised by theblades raise a portion of the pile threads into the upper shed, whilethe hooks resting on the bottom board, bring the remaining pile threadsinto the bottom shed, owing to the raising of the bottom board. Owingtothe formation of the double shed, the weft can be simultaneouslyintroduced into the bottom shed, and the wire into the upper shed. Thepile threads introduced into the bottom shed, are woven into the groundfabric to gether with the ground warp which is raised by means ofheddles into the bottom shed.

, The spindle 15 extends through the ends ofrods 21 by means of which itis guided while being raised. The rods 21 are cylindrical incrosssection in their lower portion to engage with bearings 22 providedfor their guidance on the loom frame 38, while the upper portion of therods is rectangular in cross-section in order to enable plates 23 to besecured on both sides thereof, (Figs. 23, 24). The plates 23 serve forsupporting bars 24 which are also rectangular in cross-section and withtheir narrow sides rest on edges the bars 24 are bent into the shape ofa half horse-shoe, one bar. being alternately bent downwards, and thenext one upwards (Fig. 24). At the beginning of the straight portion ofeach bar its upper edge is provided with teeth 24 while at a smalldistance from the teeth there is secured a blade 25 for raising thehooked wires or hooks. The number of the bars used is equal to thenumber of the hooks of one series. For each column consisting ofeight'hooks there is therefore provided one bar with one blade whichbecomes operative, when the spindle 15 with the rods 21 and the liftingframe constituted by the ,tWo plates 23 are raised, and lifts the hookunder which it happens to be placed. The arrangement of the bars withblades is such that the latter can be easily moved forwards andbackwards between the columns of hooks.

In the normal position all the blades are in one row, asthey hangexactly below the projections of the last series of hooks. In order tomaintain the bars in their proper position, there are arranged on theplates 23 of the guide frame, two bars 26 and 27 projecting beyond theplates 23 and the upper edge of the said bars are provided at suitabledistances with parallel recesses or notches in which the bars 24-arelocated. In order to enable the plates 26 and 27 to be set exactly, theyare secured to the'plates 23 by means of bolts 26 and 27", passingthrough slots 26 and 27 which is provided at its upper flattened portionwith a guide for a bar 29 provided with a downwardly bent edge, in whichguide the said bar can move but is caused to rotate with the spindle 28.At the endsof the bar 29 are arranged extensions or projections 29 whichengage in guide slots in plates 30 provided on the rods 21. The slots ofthe plates 30 are bent upwards and forwards in such manner that as thebar 29 turns it is moved forward owing to the engagement of theprojections 29 in said guide slots. On the spindle 28 is mounted aweighted lever 31, of which the front end is formed as a nose 31, whichduring the upward movement of the bars 21 forthe formation of the uppershed strikes a projection 32 of a fixed bar 32, whereby the weightedlever is caused to turn together with the spindle 28. In this movementthe bar 29 is lowered simultaneously movedv forward and brought intoengage ment with the teeth 24 of the bars 24-holding them fast in theposition in which they have been in the meantime placed. The movement ofthe bars 24 is effected as hereinbefore stated, by means of a drivingarm operated by the receiver, as will be hereinafter fully described. Inorder to bring these bars 24 back to their normal position In the rods21 a spindle 28 is mounted during the downward movement of the partsraised for forming the shed, a plate 33 is provided secured to an angleiron. The forked end of one arm 34 of a bell-crank lever is inengagement with a bolt 33 on a lug 33 of the angle iron; the other arm35 of the lever being provided with an adjustable weight, so that thebell-crank has the tendency to keep the angle iron, together with theplate 33, in the extreme left hand position (Fig. 24). The arm 35 of thebell-crank lever is provided at one end with a nose35 arranged in frontof a fork 36 which is secured by means of a bolt 36 to the rod 21 andheld in vertical position by means of a spring 36. During the upwardmovement of the bar 21, the end of the fork 36 is forced back when itstrikes the nose 35 of the lever arm 35 the bell-crank being held in thebracket 37 against further movement towards the left hand of an observerlooking at Fig. 24, so that the fork 36 passes into position above thenose 35. Consequently the angle iron together with the plate 33 remainsin position on the top plate 37 of the bracket.

37 which plate forms a guide for the plate 33 during its movement. Whenthe rod 21 descends, during the closing of the shed, the end of thefork, which is now above the nose 35, engages therewith and turns thelever 34, 35 moving the angle iron with the plate 33 to wards the right,and thus returns the bars 24 V to their normal position. When the end ofthe fork 36 slides off the nose 35, the lever 34, 35, owing to theaction of the weight, re-.

turns backto its original position on the left hand side and carrieswith it the angle iron with the plate 33.

The hooks 25 constituted by flat strips of metal are bent at the upperend (Fig. 25) to form hooks with which the blades 25 engage. Their lowerends are provided with slots to which the hook. strings are attached. Asalready stated, the hooks are arranged in eight series of which eachcontains as many hooks as there are pile threads to be woven into thefabric in the direction of its width. To the hooks to of the firstseries (beginning from the right hand side) are attached white pilethreads, to the hooks r 0 b 1) g and s the red, yellow, orange, blue,violet, green and black threads respectively. The hooks are insertedinto two gratings arranged one above the other, in order to enable thevertical'movement during the formation of the shed, to be executed veryexactly. For supporting the gratings two pairs of bars 39 and 40 areemployed, arranged one above an other and secured to the loom frame 38(Figs. 23, 24 and 26). To the outside of each of the bars is secured, bymeans of bolts 41 passing through slotsiaplate 41, the upper edge ofwhich is provided at suitable distances with parallel recesses whichafford guidance to the plates 42. Each of the parallel plates 42 issituated between two columns .of hooks, and in opposite recesses of theplates 41. On the plates 42 are arranged parallel wires 43, each ofwhich is situated between two series of hooks and has die 55, are fourlevers 59, 58, 57 and 56 each carrying at one end. an armature for anelectromagnet A, B, C, and D respectively and at the other end a toothedsegment. Each lever is controlled by a spring 63, 62, 6]. and 60respectively which pulls back the lever from the electromagnet after ithas been attracted. To the lever 56 is connected a rod 64 which isarranged across the levers 57, 58 and 59, so that when any one of thesethree levers moves, the lever 56 is also caused to move. The toothedsegments of the levers 5659 engage with toothed rolls 6568 the end facesof which are arranged obliquely of the axis, so that the rolls have awedgeshaped form. The toothed segments of the levers 5659 are in lengthequal to half a circumference of the toothed wedge-rolls so that each.of the rolls can be turned by the corresponding lever only to the extentof 180. Alternately with the toothed rolls are arranged plain rolls 69',70, 71, 72 and 73, mounted on the fixed spindle 74, which carries thetoothed rolls so as to be able to slide but not to rotate thereon. sayby a pin or bolt 74 secured to each of the said smooth rolls, andengaged in a groove on the spindle 74. The toothed rolls are, on thecontrary, both movable endwise and rotatable on the spindle. Owing tothe wedge-shaped form of the rolls, their greatest length is directlyopposite their shortest. The rolls are arranged next to each other insuch manner that the shortest length of the toothed rolls, and thegreatest length of the smooth rolls are coincident. In front of therolls, a member 75 is movably mounted on the spindle 74, and to thismember is connected. an arm 76 effecting the advancing of the bars 24,and the core 75 of a coil 47 which is arranged within a helical spring 75" which returns the body 75 to its original position.after movement.The driving arm 76 is provided. with a pin 76 engaging in an ellipticalgroove 7 8 of a cam 78 mounted on a rotatable spindle 77 on which ismounted a ratchet wheel 79 having four teeth. With the ratchet wheelengages a spring-controlled pawl 80 with which cooperates a second pawl81 secured to the member 75. When the levers 5659 are rocked by theirarmatures being attracted by the corresponding electromagnets, they turnthe toothed wedge-rolls 6568 to the extent of 180, so that the greaterlengths of

